He attended Mason High School where he was one of only a few Black students. He excelled academically and was well-liked by his classmates, who elected him class president. A turning point in Malcolm Little's childhood came in when his English teacher asked him what he wanted to be when he grew up and he answered that he wanted to be a lawyer. His teacher responded, "One of life's first needs is for us to be realistic Having thus been told in no uncertain terms that there was no point in a Black child pursuing education, Malcolm X dropped out of school the following year, at the age of After quitting school, Malcolm X moved to Boston to live with his older half-sister, Ella, about whom he later recalled, "She was the first really proud Black woman I had ever seen in my life.
She was plainly proud of her very dark skin. This was unheard of among Negroes in those days. Ella landed Malcolm a job shining shoes at the Roseland Ballroom. However, out on his own on the streets of Boston, Malcolm X became acquainted with the city's criminal underground and soon turning to selling drugs. He got another job as kitchen help on the Yankee Clipper train between New York and Boston and fell further into a life of drugs and crime.
Sporting flamboyant pinstriped zoot suits , he frequented nightclubs and dance halls and turned more fully to crime to finance his lavish lifestyle. In , Malcolm X was arrested on charges of larceny and sentenced to 10 years in jail. To pass the time during his incarceration, he read constantly, devouring books from the prison library in an attempt make up for the years of education he had missed by dropping out of high school. Also while in prison, Malcolm was visited by several siblings who had joined the Nation of Islam, a small sect of Black Muslims who embraced the ideology of Black nationalism — the idea that in order to secure freedom, justice and equality, Black Americans needed to establish their own state entirely separate from white Americans.
He changed his name to Malcolm X and converted to the Nation of Islam before his release from prison in Now a free man, Malcolm X traveled to Detroit, Michigan, where he worked with the leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad , to expand the movement's following among Black Americans nationwide. Malcolm X became the minister of Temple No. In , he established a national newspaper, Muhammad Speaks , in order to further promote the message of the Nation of Islam.
Articulate, passionate and an inspirational orator, Malcolm X exhorted Black people to cast off the shackles of racism "by any means necessary," including violence. His militant proposals — a violent revolution to establish an independent Black nation — won Malcolm X large numbers of followers as well as many fierce critics. Due primarily to the efforts of Malcolm X, the Nation of Islam grew from a mere members at the time he was released from prison in , to 40, members by By the early s, Malcolm X had emerged as a leading voice of a radicalized wing of the civil rights movement , presenting a dramatic alternative to Martin Luther King Jr.
King was highly critical of what he viewed as Malcolm X's destructive demagoguery. A rupture with Elijah Muhammad proved much more traumatic. In , Malcolm X became deeply disillusioned when he learned that his hero and mentor had violated many of his own teachings, most flagrantly by carrying on many extramarital affairs; Muhammad had, in fact, fathered several children out of wedlock.
Kennedy's assassination as a case of "The chickens coming home to roost. He said he was starting two new organizations: the Muslim Mosque, Inc.
He remained a believer in the Islamic religion. During the next months Malcolm X made several trips to Africa and Europe and one to Mecca, a city in Saudia Arabia that is the holiest city of the Islamic religion.
Based on these trips, he wrote that he no longer believed that all white people were evil and that he had found the true meaning of the Islamic religion. Malcolm X announced that he planned to take the black struggle to an international audience by putting black people's complaints against the United States before the United Nations UN.
For this purpose he sought aid from several African countries through the Organization of Afro-American Unity. At the same time he stated that his organizations were willing to work with other black organizations and with progressive white groups in the United States.
Together, these organizations would work on voter registration, on black control of community public institutions such as schools and the police, and on other civil and political rights for black people. Malcolm X began holding meetings in Harlem at which he discussed the policies and programs of his new organizations. Then, on a Sunday afternoon, February 21, , as he began to address one such meeting, Malcolm X was assassinated. Since his death Malcolm X's influence on the political and social thinking of African Americans has been enormous, and the literature about him has only grown.
It is now considered a classic in African American literature. Breitman, George. New York: Merit Publishers, Lomax, Louis. To Kill a Black Man. Myers, Walter Dean. New York: Scholastic, Malcolm X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove Press, Reprint, New York: Ballantine Books, Toggle navigation. A criminal life Living with his sister in Boston, Massachusetts, Malcolm worked as a shoeshine boy, a busboy, and a waiter. Reformed in prison In , at the age of twenty, Malcolm was sentenced to ten years in prison for burglary.
Losing momentum By the Black Muslim movement had moved into the national spotlight. An international focus During the next months Malcolm X made several trips to Africa and Europe and one to Mecca, a city in Saudia Arabia that is the holiest city of the Islamic religion.
For More Information Breitman, George. Also read article about Malcolm X from Wikipedia. User Contributions: 1. I AM doing a proJect of him and hes really a interesting men i didnt even knew him but i know i see he was a great men. Fillip Nelson. He believed that Black people were the original man which is true. Other than that the Bio was pretty accurate. I like this article. Provides alot of info and it give me knowledge on how and what Malcolm x stood for.
Leslie Austin. In , at age 20, he went to prison for larceny and breaking and entering. While in prison he became a member of the Nation of Islam, and after his parole in quickly rose to become one of its leaders.
For a dozen years he was the public face of the controversial group; in keeping with the Nation's teachings he espoused black supremacy, advocated the separation of black and white Americans and scoffed at the civil rights movement's emphasis on integration. His father was an outspoken Baptist lay Read more. After they moved to Lansing, their house was burned in , however the family escaped without physical injury.
On September 28, , Earl Little In December Louise Little had a nervous breakdown and was declared legally insane. The Little siblings were split up and sent to different In , the U.
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