Adolescents at risk: Prevalence and prevention. New York: Oxford University Press. Eccles, J. Midgley, A. Wigfield, C. Buchanan, D. Reuman, C. Flanagan, and D. MacIver Gullotta, T. Adams, and C. Markstrom The adolescent experience. Hamburg, B. Coehol, D. Hamburg, and J. Adams Eds. New York: Basic Books. America's youth in crisis: Challenges and options for programs and policies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Nightingale, E. Wolverton Petersen, A.
Lerner and T. Foch Eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Simmons, R. Blyth Moving into adolescence: The impact of pubertal change and school context. New York: Aldine DeGruyter. Prepared by Daniel F. Perkins, associate professor of family and youth resiliency and policy in the Department of Agricultural and Extension Education. Let's Stay Connected. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. Hold regular family meals where they can practice having real-time conversations.
Make it a family rule that no devices are allowed at the dinner table. Cultivate relationships. Supportive relationships are vital to health and wellbeing. Coach your teen on how to make friends and network. Be assertive. Help your child to develop healthy self-esteem and advocate for themselves. Knowing how to share their wants and needs will bring them closer to fulfilling their goals.
Our recommendations for books on child development for parents. How to disconnect to reconnect so you can grow and have fun together.
The information on this website is solely for informational purposes. Myers nor any of the editors, columnists or authors take responsibility for any possible consequences from any action taken which results from reading or following the information contained in this information. The publication of this information does not constitute the practice of medicine or psychology, and this information does not replace the advice of your physician or mental health care provider.
Before undertaking any course of treatment, the reader must seek the advice of their physician or other healthcare provider. Skip to content. Buy Now. About The Author. Teens entering early adulthood have a stronger sense of their own individuality now and can identify their own values. They may become more focused on the future and base decisions on their hopes and ideals. Friendships and romantic relationships become more stable.
They become more emotionally and physically separated from their family. However, many reestablish an "adult" relationship with their parents, considering them more an equal from whom to ask advice and discuss mature topics with, rather than an authority figure. Children and their parents often struggle with changing dynamics of family relationships during adolescence.
But parents are still a critical support throughout this time. Help your child anticipate changes in his or her body. Learn about puberty and explain what's ahead. Reassure them that physical changes and emerging sexuality is part of normal, healthy development. Leave room for questions and allow children to ask them at their own pace. Talk to your pediatrician when needed! Start early conversations about other important topics. Maintain open communication about healthy relationships , sex , sexuality, consent, and safety such as how to prevent sexually transmitted infection and pregnancy , and substance use.
Starting these conversations during early adolescence will help build a good framework for discussions later. Keep conversations with your child positive. Point out strengths. Celebrate successes. Be supportive and set clear limits with high but reasonable expectations. Communicate clear, reasonable expectations for curfews, school engagement, media use , and behavior, for example.
At the same time, gradually expanding opportunities for more independence over time as your child takes on responsibility. Youth with parents that aim for this balance have been shown to have lower rates of depression and drug use. Discuss risky behaviors such as sexual activity and substance use and their consequences. Be sure to set a positive example yourself. This can help teens consider or rehearse decision-making ahead of time and prepare for when situations arise. Honor independence and individuality.
Once a young person has been genuinely heard, they are much more likely to positively receive guidance. Young people with character — who choose to do the right thing even when no one is watching — have what it takes to become adults with a sense of meaning and purpose. Noticing all that is good and right in our children — things we see early on — is the most effective strategy to reinforce character strengths.
Parents who use a balanced style in which they express warmth and make expectations clear, raise children who are more successful at school, have fewer behavioral problems, and are emotionally healthier. The sooner parents begin moving towards this style the better.
Discipline means to teach or to guide. In a loving way. It does not mean to punish or control. Therefore, it only counts if young people learn from how we discipline. Young people rise to our expectations.
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